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French destroyer Chasseur

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A postcard of Chasseur at anchor
History
France
NameChasseur
NamesakeChasseur
BuilderChantiers et Ateliers Augustin Normand, Le Havre
Launched20 February 1909
CompletedJune 1911
StrickenOctober 1919
General characteristics
Class and typeChasseur-class destroyer
Displacement
Length64.2 m (210 ft 8 in) (p/p)
Beam6.5 m (21 ft 4 in)
Draft3.1 m (10 ft 2 in)
Installed power
Propulsion3 shafts; 3 steam turbines
Speed28 knots (52 km/h; 32 mph)
Range1,400–1,500 nmi (2,600–2,800 km; 1,600–1,700 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph)
Complement77–79
Armament

Chasseur was the name ship of her class of four destroyers built for the French Navy in the first decade of the 20th century.

Design and description

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Chasseur had a length between perpendiculars of 64.2 meters (210 ft 8 in), a beam of 6.5 meters (21 ft 4 in),[1] and a draft of 3.1 meters (10 ft 2 in). Designed to displaced 450 metric tons (443 long tons), the ships displaced 520 t (512 long tons) at deep load. Their crew numbered 77–79 men.[2]

The Chasseur class was powered by three Parsons direct-drive steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft using steam provided by four Normand boilers. The turbines were designed to produce 7,200 shaft horsepower (5,400 kW) which was intended to give the ships a speed of 28 knots (52 km/h; 32 mph). Chasseur handily exceed her designed speed during her sea trials, reaching 30.4 knots (56.3 km/h; 35.0 mph). Unlike her sister ships, Chasseur's boilers were coal fired and the 99 tonnes (97 long tons) of coal that she stowed gave her a range of 1,520 nautical miles (2,820 km; 1,750 mi) at a cruising speed of 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph).[3]

The primary armament of the Chasseur-class ships consisted of six 65-millimeter (2.6 in) Modèle 1902 guns in single mounts, one each fore and aft of the superstructure and the others were distributed amidships. They were also fitted with three 450-millimeter (17.7 in) torpedo tubes. One of these was in a fixed mount in the bow and the other two were on single rotating mounts amidships.[2]

Construction and career

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Chasseur in Marseille, 1912

Chasseur was ordered from Chantiers et Ateliers Augustin Normand and was launched from its Le Havre shipyard on 20 February 1909. The ship was completed in November 1909.[4] When the First World War began in August 1914, Chasseur was assigned to the 3rd Destroyer Flotilla (3e escadrille de torpilleurs) of the 1st Naval Army (1ère Armée Navale).[Note 1] During the preliminary stages of the Battle of Antivari on 16 August, the 1st, 4th and 5th Destroyer Flotillas were tasked to escort the core of the 1st Naval Army while the 2nd, 3rd and 6th Flotillas escorted the armored cruisers of the 2nd Light Squadron (2e escadre légère) and two British cruisers. After reuniting both groups and spotting the Austro-Hungarian protected cruiser SMS Zenta and the destroyer SMS Ulan, the French destroyers played no role in sinking the cruiser, although the 4th Flotilla was sent on an unsuccessful pursuit of Ulan. Having broken the Austro-Hungarian blockade of Antivari (now known as Bar), Vice-Admiral (Vice-amiral) Augustin Boué de Lapeyrère, commander of the 1st Naval Army, decided to ferry troops and supplies to the port, escorted by the 2nd Light Squadron and the 1st and 6th Destroyer Flotillas while the rest of the 1st Naval Army bombarded the Austro-Hungarian naval base at Cattaro, Montenegro, on 1 September. Four days later, the fleet covered the evacuation of Danilo, Crown Prince of Montenegro to the Greek island of Corfu. The flotilla escorted multiple small convoys loaded with supplies and equipment to Antivari, beginning in October and lasting for the rest of the year, always covered by the larger ships of the Naval Army in futile attempts to lure the Austro-Hungarian fleet into battle.[6]

The torpedoing of the French battleship Jean Bart on 21 December caused a change in French tactics as the battleships were too important to risk to submarine attack. Henceforth, only the destroyers would escort the transports. After Italy signed the Treaty of London and declared war on the Austro-Hungarian Empire on 23 May 1915, Boué de Lapeyrère reorganized his forces in late June to cover the approaches to the Adriatic and interdict merchant shipping of the Central Powers since the Royal Italian Navy (Regia Marina) now had primary responsibility for the Adriatic itself. His area of responsibility extended from Sardinia to Crete and he divided it into two zones with the 1st Light Squadron assigned to the western zone and the 2nd Light Squadron in the east. Those destroyers of the 1st Naval Army not assigned to reinforce the Italians were transferred to the newly formed 1st and 2nd Flotillas of the Naval Army (flotille d'Armée navale). The 1st and 3rd Destroyer Flotillas were assigned to the 2nd Flotilla of the Naval Army, of which the destroyer Dehorter was the flagship, which was tasked to support the cruisers of the 2nd Light Division.[7]

Notes

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  1. ^ Prévoteaux lists Chaseur as under repair on 1 August. Exactly when those were completed and the ship entered active service is unknown.[5]

Footnotes

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  1. ^ Couhat, p. 99
  2. ^ a b Smigielski, p. 202
  3. ^ Couhat, pp. 99–100
  4. ^ Couhat, p. 100
  5. ^ Prévoteaux, p. 27
  6. ^ Freivogel, pp. 98–99, 117–121; Prévoteaux, I, pp. 27, 55–56, 59–62
  7. ^ Jordan & Caresse, pp. 232–233; Prévoteaux, I, pp. 116–117

Bibliography

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  • Couhat, Jean Labayle (1974). French Warships of World War I. London: Ian Allan. ISBN 0-7110-0445-5.
  • Freivogel, Zvonimir (2019). The Great War in the Adriatic Sea 1914–1918. Zagreb: Despot Infinitus. ISBN 978-953-8218-40-8.
  • Jordan, John & Caresse, Philippe (2019). French Armoured Cruisers 1887–1932. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-5267-4118-9.
  • Prévoteaux, Gérard (2017). La marine française dans la Grande guerre: les combattants oubliés: Tome I 1914–1915 [The French Navy during the Great War: The Forgotten Combatants, Book I 1914–1915]. Collection Navires & Histoire des Marines du Mond. Vol. 23. Le Vigen, France: Éditions Lela presse. ISBN 978-2-37468-000-2.
  • Prévoteaux, Gérard (2017). La marine française dans la Grande guerre: les combattants oubliés: Tome II 1916–1918 [The French Navy during the Great War: The Forgotten Combatants, Book II 1916–1918]. Collection Navires & Histoire des Marines du Mond. Vol. 27. Le Vigen, France: Éditions Lela presse. ISBN 978-2-37468-001-9.
  • Roberts, Stephen S. (2021). French Warships in the Age of Steam 1859–1914: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Barnsley, UK: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-5267-4533-0.
  • Smigielski, Adam (1985). "France". In Gray, Randal (ed.). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. pp. 190–220. ISBN 0-87021-907-3.
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